Links and bibliography for heraldry
Medieval source material on the internet: |
For a brief guide to heraldry,
click here
Heraldry is a vast subject in itself, and many sources of information about it are available,
both on the internet and in print.
This listing covers a few of the most useful of these, and I hope to add more in future (any suggestions will be welcome!).
I have also tried to include web sites containing significant source material
on medieval English heraldry, although at present little is available online.
The best starting point to find more material on the internet is James P. Wolf's comprehensive
site Heraldry on the Internet. This includes
alphabetical listings of web pages with heraldic content, arranged by family name (and also
listings of civic and ecclesiastical arms), and also reference information and heraldry software.
Some other useful heraldic web sites are:
-
British Heraldry (François R. Velde, Heraldica)
Articles on various aspects of heraldry, including detailed ones on
the regulation of arms-bearing and marks of cadency in the British royal family;
there are also lists of English heralds
-
The College of Arms (official web site)
- Elizabethan Heraldry (Paula Kate Marmor and John Neitz, Elizabethan Heraldry)
A small site containing an Elizabethan armorial, a brief primer on blazonry and an article on the Elizabethan heralds.
-
Lord Kyl's Heraldry
[not available, 12 October 2009; see the Internet Archive's
copy of this page, from January 2008]
The motivation for this site is the design of coats of arms for use by
the 'Society for Creative Anachronism', but it contains some very useful
reference material, including an glossary, an outline of blazonry, an extensive
bibliography, and an online ordinary of arms
For further printed material, some online bibliographies are available:
The following are available on the internet:
- James Parker,
A Glossary of terms used in Heraldry (Oxford and London, 1894; reprinted 1970)
(online version by 'saitou')
An illustrated hypertext version of a very substantial work
(a revision of Henry Gough's work of the same title, 1847). As well as
explanations of heraldic terms, it is said to contain over 4000 blazons
of coats of arms as examples, to which there is a surname index. There
are also detailed articles on heraldic practice, including a useful one on
Marshalling (the combination of arms to indicate marriages and ancestry)
- Charles Boutell,
English heraldry (1867)
(Making of America, University of Michigan)
Choice of images, PDF files or text,
with a search facility (but beware of sometimes inaccurate text conversion)
- Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, A complete guide to heraldry (1909) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
[Other copies at: Internet Archive - Text Archive.]
- A. F. Pimbley's
Dictionary of Heraldry (Baltimore, 1908) (online version by James P. Wolf, Heraldry on the Internet) [not available, 29 November 2023; see the Internet Archive's copy of this page]
An extensive dictionary of heraldic terms.
- Heraldic Dictionary
(University of Notre Dame, Indiana)
Illustrated guide to blazonry
-
Glossary of Heraldic Terms (Gill Smith)
A clear, well illustrated introduction to blazonry, with quite a large glossary
-
International Illustrated Glossary (François R. Velde, Heraldica)
- A primer of blazonry (Paula Kate Marmor, Elizabethan Heraldry)
A nicely illustrated basic introduction.
-
Glossary of heraldic terms,
How to blazon a device
and
The history of tinctures
(Lord Kyl's Heraldry)
[not available, 12 October 2009; see the Internet Archive's
copy of this page, from January 2008]
Follow the menu link labelled "SCA Heraldry Docs" for these articles
- Glossary of Heraldry (Burke's Peerage and Gentry)
Glossary from the 106th Edition of Burke's Peerage and Baronetage.
- Charles Worthy Practical Heraldry or An Epitome of English Armory, showing how and by whom arms may be borne or acquired, how pedigrees may be traced or family histories ascertained (1889) (Google Books [Hints and tips])
[Other copies at: Internet Archive - Text Archive: 1 ; 2 .]
The following is a detailed discussion of heraldry, with numerous illustrations, covering historical development,
basic principles, and the artefacts on which heraldry has survived:
- Self-Representation in Heraldry (Gerhard Jaritz, Department of Medieval Studies at Central European University, Budapest) [not available, 8 September 2023; see the Internet Archive's copy of this page]
On the same site are a Glossary of Heraldic terms and a Bibliography of heraldry.
Among the printed guides to heraldry is:
- Arthur Charles Fox-Davies (revised and annotated by J. P. Brooke-Little), A complete guide to heraldry
(1969)
The original 1909 edition is available online (see above).
Available in electronic format:
- Medieval Armorials (Steen Clemmensen)
Study of English and Continental medieval rolls of arms, including an inventory of manuscripts and an ordinary of coats of arms. There are also editions of four English armorials: the English section of Armorial Urfé, the Rouen Roll (incorporating the Gentry Roll), Willement's Roll and William Jenyns' Ordinary.
-
Early Rolls of Arms: European Rolls of Arms of the Thirteenth Century
(Brian Timms, Heraldry)
Illustrated versions, based on the editions of Gerard J. Brault and others,
of thirteen English and several European rolls of arms.
There is also a list of the arms in order of their blazon which, with the help of the browser's search facility, can also be used as an ordinary.
In the process of reconstruction following server problems.
A fuller version is still available on an older site.
[these pages are no longer available, 11 December 2018;
see copies of two versions at the Internet Archive, from
November 2010 and
February 2016]
The English rolls are:
- Glover's Roll (c.1253-8)
- Walford's Roll (c.1273)
- Heralds' Roll (c.1279)
- Dering Roll (c.1280)
- Camden Roll (c.1280)
- St George's Roll (c.1285)
- Charles' Roll (c.1285)
- Lord Marshal's Roll (1295)
- Collins' Roll (1296)
- Falkirk Roll (1298)
- Caerlaverock Poem (1300)
- Galloway Roll (1300)
- Stirling Roll (1304)
- Dering Roll (British Library)
Images of the roll of arms, compiled c. 1270-1280.
- Nicholas Harris Nicolas, The Siege of Carlaverock in the XXVIII Edward I. A.D. MCCC ... [1300] (1828) (Google Books [Hints and tips])
French text of the poem illustrated with shields of arms, and English translation. With extensive historical and biographical notes.
- James Greenstreet, ed., The Original Camden Roll of Arms (1882) (Google Books [Hints and tips])
Journal of the British Archaeological Association, volume 38, pages 309-328 (1882). Introduction and transcript.
[Other copies at: Internet Archive - Text Archive.]
- Nicholas Harris Nicolas, ed., A Roll of Arms, of the reign of Edward the Second (1829) (Google Books [Hints and tips])
Edition of the Parliamentary Roll, of c. 1312, with an introduction, index and ordinary.
[Other copies at: Internet Archive - Text Archive.]
- Thomas Willement, ed., A roll of arms of the reign of Richard the Second. (London, 1834) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
Introduction and transcript: Willement's Roll (c.1395).
- J. Foster, Two Tudor books of arms. Harleian MSS. Nos. 2169 & 6163. ([London,] 1904) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
Introduction, transcript and illustrations: Randle Holme's Book (temp. Henry VI) and Peter le Neve's Book (c.1480-1500).
- The Mitchell Rolls
(The Heraldry Society of Scotland)
Compilation, in progress, of transcripts of rolls of arms relating to Scotland.
These include Scots arms from the following medieval rolls:
- Balliol Roll (1332)
- Bruce Roll (1332)
- Armorial de Bellenville (1380)
- Armorial de Gelre (1385)
- Armorial de la Toison d'Or (1440)
- Armorial de Berry (1450)
- Scots Roll (1455)
and from these early-modern Scottish rolls:
- Sir David Lindsay's Armorial (1542)
- Hamilton Armorial (1560)
- Queen Mary's Roll (1562)
- Forman's Armorial (1563)
- Slains Armorial (1565)
- Lindsay of the Mount Secundus (1599)
- Seton Armorial (1591)
- Hague Roll (1592)
- Dunvegan Armorial (1600)
- Kings and Nobilities II (1638)
- The Armorial Bearings Featured in
The Vale Royal of England first published by Daniel King in 1656
(Martin S.J. Goldstraw, Cheshire Heraldry)
Modern coloured illustrations, in progress, based on a 17th-century collection of some 520 Cheshire
coats of arms, with scans of the original drawings
Bibliography
- Sir A. R. Wagner,
Aspilogia I: A catalogue of English mediaeval rolls of arms
(Harleian Society 100; Oxford, 1950)
Corrections and additions are in vol. 114.
- Sir A. R. Wagner, ed.,
Aspilogia II: Rolls of Arms Henry III
(Harleian Society 114; Oxford, 1957)
Includes Matthew Paris Shields (c. 1244-59), Glover�s Roll (c. 1253), Walford�s Roll (c. 1275) and additions and corrections to
A catalogue of English mediaeval rolls of arms.
- Gerald J. Brault,
Aspilogia III: Rolls of Arms Edward I 1272-1307
(Society of Antiquaries of London, 1997)
Includes Heralds� Roll (c. 1279), Dering Roll (c. 1280), Camden Roll (c. 1280), St George's Roll (c. 1285), Charles's Roll (c. 1285),
Segar's Roll (c. 1285), Lord Marshal's Roll (c. 1295), Collins' Roll (c. 1295), Falkirk Roll (1298), Guillim's Roll (1295-1305),
Caerlaverock Poem (1300), Galloway Roll (1300), Smallpece's Roll (1298-1306), Stirling Roll (1304), Nativity Roll (1307-8),
Fife Roll (temp. Edw I) and Sir William Le Neve's Roll (temp. Edw I)
Indexes and collections
The following are available online:
- Seals
(National Archives information leaflet) [Internet Archive copy from August 2004]
- Digitised Seals Register (QFA 1) (National Archives)
Downloadable images, each showing a sequence of index cards describing seals held by the National Archives and elsewhere. To identify images for individuals, perform a search using the keyword "Personal". The relevant categories are "Personal Armorial", "Personal Non-Armorial" and "Personal Equestrian" (perhaps also subdivided for "Men" and "Women"), mostly divided into alphabetical sections. There are also other categories such as "Royal", "Ecclesiastical", "Monastic" and "Official and Corporate".
- Catalogue of the Medieval seals in the Durham Cathedral Muniments (Durham University)
Revised and updated version of W. Greenwell and C. H. Hunter Blair, Catalogue of the Seals in the Treasury of the Dean and Chapter of Durham (1911), including names, dates, inscriptions and - for heraldic seals - descriptions of arms. The section on "The Charters of Durham" includes a detailed discussion of the use of seals in medieval England.
- Seals
(Dr Dianne Tillotson, Medieval Writing) [not available, 16 June 2020; see the Internet Archive's copy of this page, from November 2019]
An illustrated discussion of the seals used by different groups of people in medieval England
These published collections of seals are available online:
- DigiSig: Digital Sigillography Resource (John McEwan, St Louis University, Missouri)
Searchable database containing details of nearly 28,000 records and 11,000 images of medieval seals held by repositories in the British Isles. Electronic catalogue entries and extracts from published catalogues are linked to the records.
- Walter de Gray Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum. Volume 1. (1887) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
Seals of England and Wales: sovereigns, royal officers, ecclesiastical.
[Other copies at: Google Books [Hints and tips]; Internet Archive - Text Archive.]
- Walter de Gray Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum. Volume 2. (1892) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
Seals of England and Wales: local, princes of Wales, equestrian, noble and other ladies, heraldic A-F.
[Other copies at: Google Books [Hints and tips]; Internet Archive - Text Archive: 1 ; 2 .]
- Walter de Gray Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum. Volume 3. (1894) (Google Books [Hints and tips])
Seals of England and Wales, heraldic G-Z, and British companies, colonies and dependencies.
[Other copies at: Internet Archive - Text Archive: 1 ; 2 ; 3 .]
- Walter de Gray Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum. Volume 4. (1895) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
Seals of Scotland and Ireland.
[Other copies at: Google Books: 1 ; 2 [Hints and tips]; Internet Archive - Text Archive: 1 ; 2 ; 3 .]
- Walter de Gray Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum. Volume 5. (1898) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
Seals of the Byzantine Empire and of France.
[Other copies at: Internet Archive - Text Archive.]
- Walter de Gray Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum. Volume 6. (1900) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
Seals of foreign countries.
[Other copies at: Google Books: 1 ; 2 [Hints and tips]; Internet Archive - Text Archive: 1 ; 2 ; 3 .]
- Catalogue of the Medieval seals in the Durham Cathedral Muniments (Durham University)
Revised and updated version of W. Greenwell and C. H. Hunter Blair, Catalogue of the Seals in the Treasury of the Dean and Chapter of Durham (1911), including names, dates, inscriptions and - for heraldic seals - descriptions of arms. The section on "The Charters of Durham" includes a detailed discussion of the use of seals in medieval England.
- Walter de Gray Birch, History of Scottish seals from the eleventh to the seventeenth century ... Volume 1. The royal seals of Scotland. (1905) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
[Other copies at: Google Books [Hints and tips]; Internet Archive - Text Archive: 1 ; 2 .]
- Walter de Gray Birch, History of Scottish seals from the eleventh to the seventeenth century ... Volume 2. Ecclesiastical and monastic seals of Scotland. (1907) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
[Other copies at: Google Books [Hints and tips]; Internet Archive - Text Archive.]
- William Rae Macdonald, Scottish Armorial Seals. (1904) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
- Henry Laing, Descriptive Catalogue of Impressions from Ancient Scottish Seals. (Bannatyne Club, 1850) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
- [Louis] Douët d'Arcq, Inventaires et documents publiés par ordre de l'Empereur sous la direction de M. le comte de Laborde. Collection de sceaux. Volume 1. (1863) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
- [Louis] Douët d'Arcq, Inventaires et documents publiés par ordre de l'Empereur sous la direction de M. le comte de Laborde. Collection de sceaux. Volume 2. (1867) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
- [Louis] Douët d'Arcq, Inventaires et documents publiés par ordre de l'Empereur sous la direction de M. le comte de Laborde. Collection de sceaux. Volume 3. (1868) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
- Joseph Delaville Le Roulx,
Des sceaux des prieurs anglais de l'ordre de l'H�pital aux XIIe et XIIIe si�cles (1881)
(gallica; Bibliothèque Nationale de
France; number for "Recherche libre" field: N063829)
PDF format (in French)
- Seals (Brian Timms, Heraldry) [not available, 11 December 2018; see the Internet Archive's copy of this page, from January 2016]
Illustrated collections of seals, from the
The Barons' Letter
in reply to the Pope, February 1301 and Miscellaneous
sources
There are some other illustrated collections of seals:
- Duchy of Lancaster Seals (National Archives)
Over 3,000 digital images of seals attached to Duchy of Lancaster Deeds (DL 25 and DL 26) are freely available, The form in section 3.2 of this online guide allows the descriptions of the deeds in these two series to be searched.
Published works:
- Public Record Office, Guide to seals in the Public Record Office (2nd edn; London, 1968)
- R.H. Ellis, compiler, Catalogue of seals in the
Public Record Office: Personal seals (2 vols; London, 1978, 1981)
On the internet:
- Index
to Monumental Heraldry in the Parish Church of St. Peter's, Barnstaple [Devon]
(Jonathan Frayne, GENUKI)
Index to names in an appendix in the Rev. Sloane Sloane-Evans, Memorials of St Peter's
Church Barnstaple (1892)
- Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi: Medieval Stained Glass in Great Britain (British Academy)
Project to survey and publish medieval stained glass, in progress. The site includes a picture archive containing more than 25,000 images, and the text of a digital publication on the medieval stained glass of Norfolk, in preparation.
-
The Enamel Plaque of Geoffroy Plantagenêt (Le Mans)
(François Velde)
Illustration and commentary of the funerary plaque, the oldest coloured representation of a coat of arms
-
Heraldry in Gilling Castle [Yorkshire] (Gill Smith)
About 100 coats of arms, from Elizabethan stained glass
- B. H. D'Elboux,
Coats
of Arms in Queenborough Castle [Kent] (Kent Archaeological Society)
Text of a paper originally published in Archaeologia Cantiana, vol. 58, pp. 14-27 (1945)
An early 17th-century list of arms, with blazons and brief biographical notes
-
Heraldry in Stonegrave Church [Yorkshire] (Gill Smith)
Arms from funeral monuments and stained glass, some medieval
-
Heraldry in Trinity Hall [College, Cambridge] (Andrew Senior)
Includes blazons of many coats of arms displayed in the College,
and a list of the arms of its masters
Published works:
- Catalogues of medieval stained glass are being published in the
Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi
project (funded in Britain by the British Academy)
- P. Heseltine, The Mill Stephenson Collection of
Shields of Arms on British Brasses at the Society of Antiquaries (Godmanchester, 1994)
A listing by county and parish of heraldry from monumental brasses
(including some now lost). The arms are blazoned, and there is a surname index
and an ordinary of unidentified arms
- H. Lawrance, Heraldry from Military Monuments before 1350 in England and Wales
(Harleian Society Publications vol. 98; London, 1946)
Published works:
- Arthur J. Jewers, Grants and Certificates of Arms (Internet Archive, Text Archive).
From The Genealogist, new series, volumes 13-29. They were taken from manuscripts Stowe 677, 692, 703, 707 and 676 in the British Library.
- W. Harry Rylands, ed., Grantees of arms named in docquets and patents to the end of the seventeenth century ... alphabetically arranged by Joseph Foster and contained in the Additional ms. no. 37147 in the British Museum. (Bob Boynton, University of Iowa) [not available, 19 April 2015; see the Internet Archive's copy of this page, from January 2007]
Harleian Society, vol. 66 (1915). PDF file (26 MB).
- W.H. Rylands, ed., Grantees of arms named in docquets and patents between the years 1687 and 1898,
preserved in various manuscripts, collected and alphabetically arranged by Joseph Foster and contained
in the Additional MS. no 37149 in the British Museum
(Harleian Society 67,68; London, 1916,1917)
The following lists of arms are available on the internet:
- Civic Heraldry of England and Wales (Robert Young)
Nearly 300 coats of arms, including modern ones
- Commoners' Arms in England,
(François Velde, Heraldica)
Blazons of about 80 coats of arms,
predominantly related to London in the 13th and 14th centuries,
from S.L. Thrupp,
The Merchant Class of Medieval London, 1300-1500 (1948) and
Catalogue of Seals in the Public Record Office
- An Elizabethan Armory (John Neitz, Elizabethan Heraldry)
Contains about 150 coats of arms.
- Parker's
Glossary (see above)
is said to contain over 4000 blazons
of coats of arms as examples, to which there is a surname index.
- earlyBlazon.com
A compilation of the arms of knights from several European countries in the period of the Crusades.
It provides illustrated lists of arms arranged by name, by geography and by the charges on the shields
Published armorials:
- Sir Bernard Burke, The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales. (first published London, 1844; enlarged edn 1884) (Internet Archive - Text Archive)
This is the standard armorial work. Its great advantage is its sheer volume; its main disadvantage is the lack of source references for most of the entries, which makes it difficult to verify the information or research it further.
These contain descriptions of coats of arms, arranged so that the family who bore
them can be identified.
Several ordinaries of arms are available on the internet:
- J.W. Papworth,
An alphabetical dictionary of coats of arms belonging to families in Great Britain and Ireland
[Papworth's Ordinary] (first published London, 1874; most recent edition Bath, 1977)
Compiled from a variety of sources, like Burke's General Armory it is useful by virtue of its volume;
in common with Burke, Papworth does not state his source in many cases
- An ordinary of the arms
(Brian Timms, Heraldry) [not available, 11 December 2018; see the Internet Archive's copy of this page, from May 2013]
A partial compilation from the collection of European Rolls of Arms of the Thirteenth Century on the same website.
In addition there is a complete list of the arms in order of their blazon which, with the help of the browser's search facility,
can also be used as an ordinary.
-
'Ordinary for the Modest Proposal...'
(Kyl's Illustrative Guide to Heraldry and Blazoning)
[not available, 12 October 2009; see the Internet Archive's
copy of this page, from January 2008]
Follow the menu link labelled "SCA Heraldry Docs".
This is based on a very miscellaneous collection of several hundred
coats of arms, including many from Continental Europe - and even further afield -
often modern
- Joan Corder, A Dictionary of Suffolk Arms (1965) (Suffolk Records Society)
Suffolk Records Society, volume 7. An ordinary of arms compiled from various sources.
The Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary, published by the Society of Antiquaries of London, is an extensive and scholarly complication including full references to sources:
- Hubert Chesshyre and Thomas Woodcock, editors, Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary. Volume 1. [Uncharged, then A - Bend between ...] (1992) (OAPEN Library)
- Thomas Woodcock, Janet Grant and Ian Graham, editors, Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary. Volume 2. [On a Bend ... - Chevron.] (1996) (OAPEN Library)
- Thomas Woodcock and Sarah Flower, editors, Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary. Volume 3. [Chief - Fess.] (2009) (OAPEN Library)
- Thomas Woodcock and Sarah Flower, editors, Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary. Volume 4. [Fetterlock - Wreath.] (2014) (OAPEN Library)
But note that the Internet itself can be used as an ordinary of arms. Using a good
search engine
that allows an exact phrase to be specified, it's quite possible to identify
a coat of arms by typing in its blazon (its description using standard heraldic language).
Another published ordinary of medieval coats of arms is:
- C.R. Humphery-Smith Anglo-Norman Armory Two (1984)
An ordinary compiled from 24 rolls of arms, mostly from the 13th and early 14th centuries
- J. Corder,
A dictionary of Suffolk crests: heraldic crests of Suffolk families
(Suffolk Records Society 40; Woodbridge, 1998)
- J. Fairbairn,
Fairbairn's book of crests of the families of Great Britain and Ireland
(first published London, 1860; most recent edition 1990)
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